FORET PROGRAM

Projet DIABE | Integrated Development, Planning and Wood-Energy

Background

Le projet intervient dans les Régions Analamanga, Itasy et Alaotra Mangoro, toutes dans et autour de la Capitale de Madagascar, où la majorité des habitant(e)s utilise des combustibles ligneux* (96,6% en milieu urbain et 99,6% en milieu rural en région Analamanga, SRABE, 2019). Les dépenses consacrées aux besoins énergétiques de cuisson représentent souvent une part significative du budget des ménages. Une grande partie des ménages utilise encore des foyers de cuisson traditionnels présentant une faible efficacité énergétique, malgré un équipement progressif en foyers améliorés. On estime globalement qu’environ 23% des ménages malgaches achètent du bois ou charbon de bois contre 77 % qui ramassent du bois à titre gratuit (Etc Terra Rongead, 2018).

Dans un contexte marqué par une diversité alimentaire réduite ou limitée, une tendance à sous-cuire les repas (qui augmente le risque de maladies d’origine alimentaire), à sauter des repas (pouvant conduire à la malnutrition, en particulier chez les enfants) et à recourir à des aliments insuffisamment nutritifs et à des temps de cuisson trop courts, la disponibilité et l’accès accrus au charbon vert (produit selon des techniques améliorées de carbonisation dites TAC), aux foyers améliorés et à la sensibilisation nutritionnelle par les ménages bénéficiaires dans la zone favoriseront la consommation d’aliments de meilleure qualité, en quantité et de meilleure valeur nutritionnelle.

L’augmentation de la disponibilité en bois-énergie et la diffusion d’alternatives à rendement amélioré est donc de nature à générer, d’une part, des économies en temps passé à collecter le bois (parfois jusqu’à plusieurs heures par jour en parcourant des distances qui tendent à s’allonger).

D’autre part, l’utilisation de foyers améliorés au lieu de foyers traditionnels peu efficaces peut permettre de réduire significativement la quantité de bois ou de charbon utilisée pour la cuisson (environ 30% de charbon en moins par exemple pour les foyers améliorés développés dans le cadre du projet AFIBERIA, ASA, 2019) et donc de diminuer d’autant les dépenses en combustible (ou le temps passé à la collecte du bois).

Cela contribuera également à réduire le temps et la charge de travail des femmes en particulier pour l’approvisionnement en bois-énergie, et générera des économies pour ces ménages.

*Bois utilisé directement ou indirectement comme combustible aux fins de la production d’énergie

Objective

Contribute to the sustainable improvement of the income as well as food and nutritional security of rural households, actors and beneficiaries of the wood-energy sector, in particular women and children as well as the preservation of the natural environment in the peri-urban area of Antananarivo.

Activities

Four main axes :

Preservation of forests and endangered biodiversity : production of young plants for new wood fuel plantations, replanting of old plots and restoration of coppice. Reforesters will be supported in the establishment of new plantations and the maintenance and/or replanting of old reforestation. Each year, assessment and planning workshops will be organised by municipality to compare the achievements with the goals set. This project will thus help limit the deforestation of endemic natural forests, the loss of biodiversity and the impact on the climate of the associated carbon emissions.

Promotion of sustainable local development : charcoal maker and crafts maker producing improved stoves are supported in the production, marketing and labelling of their products. At the end of the training, these people will be encouraged to form associations or cooperatives to facilitate the pooling of resources (funds, experiences). The establishment of coal sales outlets through this grouping will be encouraged, for a reduction in the marketing circuit and an increase in the margins of the charcoal producers. Marketing and promotion actions will also be supported.

Environmental awareness: awareness-raising workshops in reforestation communes where the expected objectives are presented and stakeholders made aware of the value of the activities (new plantations, maintenance of old plots, restoration of coppice, training of nurserymen and reforesters and reforesters). The participation of women in these workshops will be encouraged and local project agents will also be identified during these sessions.

Sustainable territorial management : the process of developing Reforestation Management Plans (PGR) will be initiated in each reforestation commune. Charcoal makers and artisans producing improved stoves are structured and supported in the production and marketing of TAC charcoal. The networking and networking of these actors will be strengthened. All the players in the wood-energy sector (reforesters, foresters, final beneficiaries / consumers) will be mobilized within platforms dedicated to the wood-energy sector (PBE), municipal and inter-municipal. These PBEs, integrating the municipal authorities and the environment and sustainable development cantonments (CEDD), will define the methods of local (municipal and inter-municipal) decentralized forest control (CFD), in line with the regional CFD.

Expected impact

Expected result n°1 : The potential for wood-fuel production in the basins supplying the capital is improved and reforestation is sustainably managed through effective reforestation management plans (PGR).

4,500 additional ha of plantations including 500 ha of agroforestry systems and 1,000 ha of old coppice restoration. As an indication, this represents around 6 million trees planted, including 1.3 million for the geographical area under the responsibility of PU.
60 nurserymen and 6000 reforesters trained(e)s
19,500 ha of potentially avoided deforestation in the intervention areas (in estimated hectares of natural forests)

Expected result n°2 : Reduction in the share of household expenditure intended for fuelwood needs (we hope to go from 11% to 8%)

10,000 rural households and 40,000 additional urban households benefiting from access to improved charcoal (TAC) and efficient households in the 3 intervention regions (Itasy, Analamanga, Alaotra-Mangoro)
300 additional catering professionals (restaurants, canteens, etc.) benefiting from access to improved stoves (FA) in the intervention area
Reduction in the share of household expenditure intended for fuelwood needs (we hope to go from 11% to 8%)
Expected reduction of 30% in the proportion of beneficiary women and children whose dietary diversity score is “poor”

A study carried out as part of the action will aim in particular to better demonstrate that the use of TAC coal and / or FA reduces toxic gas emissions and therefore the risk of respiratory diseases. The project approach will be based on training, support and structuring of actors, support for the marketing and labelling of green charcoal and FA, in relation with the administrations and decentralized territorial communities.

Awareness-raising actions aimed at the general public on the nutritional, economic and ecological benefits of “green” charcoal will be stepped up. Awareness will aim to foster ownership and acceptance of modern cooking solutions and reduce energy consumption through social and behaviour change strategies focused on healthier and more energy efficient practices.

Expected result n°3 : Producers are better structured, their capacities are strengthened, their products are labeled and their integration into short marketing circuits is contractualized.

Increased structuring of producers (cooperatives, unions, federations, platforms of actors in the wood-energy value chain set up), strengthening of their capacities (improved techniques of reforestation and carbonization, quality control, negotiation, marketing, management), labelling of their products (green charcoal and fuel-efficient stoves) and contractualization of their integration into short marketing circuits
2,500 beneficiary producers within 4 years
19.6 billion Ariary (nearly 5 M €), over the duration of the project, of potential additional profit generated by the actors and actors of the wood-energy sector (nurserymen, reforesters, charcoal makers, craftsmen and producers of improved stoves, TAC / FA coal dealers)

The project will help to ensure the economic viability of the AM production workshops, and to promote a “fair” market price over the long term, capable of ensuring the sustainability of the improvement in the efficiency of the sector. AF which will be broadcast remaining at a reasonable cost and quickly profitable thanks to the better energy efficiency of AF and TAC coal and the savings generated in fuel.

The income of target groups (nurserymen, charcoal makers, artisanal producers of FA, resellers of charcoal and / or FA, and eventually reforesters) will be sustainably improved by the quantitative and qualitative increase in their production, justifying a higher selling price. along the wood-energy value chain. The adoption of improved stoves by beneficiary households will improve the diet and nutrition of beneficiaries and in particular of the most vulnerable people via several impact paths such as reducing the work overload of women / mothers and saving time. aimed at infant and young child feeding (IYCF) care practices, savings in fuel purchases, and improved quality, quantity and nutritional value of foods.

Expected result n°4 : The wood-energy platforms (PBE, bringing together the administration, local authorities and all the actors of the BE sector in the municipalities of intervention) are operational, with a budget and make it possible to ensure analysis and permanent monitoring of the wood-energy value chain as well as local decentralized forestry control.

The action of the PBEs will help to compensate for the shortage of judicial police officers and forest administration agents to fully ensure the respect and application of the texts on the sustainable exploitation of forest resources, in particular wood. -energy. More generally, the project will participate in structuring local communities (PBEs, associations, cooperatives) to effectively manage these resources, and to optimize the income of producers, currently disadvantaged in their balance of power with intermediaries and other economic operators.

Negative environmental impacts will be minimized through innovative practices such as the recycling / reuse of nursery bags, the use of organic phytosanitary products and the reduction of toxic gas emissions during the production of charcoal and its combustion in improved stoves. Reforestation will increase carbon sequestration in soils / litter / trees through better planting growth and above-ground and underground biodiversity through the mixture of species.

This project is consistent with the vision of the National Sustainable Development Plan (PND) to “build a new Madagascar, […] world leader in the enhancement and preservation of its immense natural capital based on strong and inclusive growth in the region. service of equitable and sustainable development of all territories ”.

This initiative follows on from the ASA program (Support program for Agrosilviculture around Antananarivo), which consisted in particular of the 3 projects ARINA (carried by CIRAD with PARTAGE), ADIAFO (carried by AIM) and AFIBERIA (carried by PU ) from 2015 to 2019. The 4 partners have joined forces for this new DIABE project with a budget of 3.68 M € financed at 95% by the European Union (3.5 M €), with therefore 5% to co-finance by each partner.

Institutional, technical and financial partners

République de Madagascar, administration contractante et porteuse du projet à travers le Bureau d’Appui à la Coopération Extérieure (BACE) du Ministère de l’Economie et des Finances
Union Européenne, partenaire technique et financier principal, finançant le projet à hauteur de 95% dans le cadre du 11ème Fonds Européen de Développement (FED)
Association malgache Action Intercoopération Madagascar (AIM), partenaire de mise en œuvre
Centre de Coopération Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), partenaire de mise en œuvre
Association malgache Participation à la Gestion de l’Environnement (PARTAGE), partenaire de mise en œuvre